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south of the Mohawk River, moved east to Massachusetts, then to Wisconsin.
The
Mahicans (also
Mohicans) are a Native Americans in the United States tribe who have moved mostly to northeastern
Wisconsin,
U.S., "Mohican" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9370993 EB-Mohicans.
"Mahican" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050129/Mahican EB-Mahican.
but who came from the
Hudson River Valley (around
Albany, NY), many then moving to
Stockbridge, Massachusetts after
1780, before the remaining descendants moved to Wisconsin during the
1820s and
1830s. Though similar in name, the Mahicans were not
Mohegans, a different Algonquian-speaking tribe living in eastern (upper Thames valley) Connecticut "Mohegan" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053198/Mohegan EB-Mohegan.
(who were jointly ruled by the Pequot tribe until
1637). The tribe's self-moniker was
Muhhekunneuw, or "People of the Great River." Their current name is the name applied to the Wolf Clan division of the tribe, from the Mahican
manhigan.
History
The Mahicans were living in and around the
Hudson Valley at the time of their first contact with
Europeans in 1609. Over the next hundred years, tensions between the Mahicans and the Mohawk nation as well as the Europeans caused the Mahicans to migrate eastward into western Massachusetts and Connecticut to the Hudson River. Many settled in the town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts becoming known as the
Stockbridge Indians.
The Stockbridge Indians allowed
Protestant Christian
missionary to live among them and converted to
Christianity in the 18th Century. Although they fought on the side of the American colonists in both the
French and Indian War and the American Revolution, they were dispossessed of their land and forced to move westward, first to New Stockbridge in the
1780s, on land allocated for them by the Oneidas, and later to
Shawano County, Wisconsin in the
1820s and 1830s. In Wisconsin, they settled on Indian reservations with the Munsee; the two were jointly known as
Stockbridge-Munsee. Today the reservation is known as that of the
Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians (Stockbridge-Munsee Community).
The first
Christian Indian community in America was established by
Moravian Church missionaries at the Mahican village of
Shekomeko in 1740. Their intent was to incorporate the native American people into European society through civilizing Christianity. They were so successful in their efforts and so diligently defended their Indians against white exploitation that the missionaries were hounded and finally forced out by the government.
The now extinct
Mahican language belonged to the Eastern Algonquian branch of the
Algonquian language family. It was an Algonquian N-dialect, as were
Massachusett and
Wampanoag, but in many ways, it was more similar, and just as easily considered an L-dialect, such as that of the
Lenape.
James Fenimore Cooper's novel
The Last of the Mohicans is based on the Mahican tribe but includes some cultural aspects of the Mohegans, a different Algonquian tribe living in eastern
Connecticut. The novel takes place in the Hudson Valley, Mahican land, but some characters' names, such as
Uncas, are Mohegan.
Notable Mahicans
- Brent Michael Davids, composer
- Anthony Kiedis Lead singer from the Red Hot Chili Peppers
- Bill Miller (musician), singer/songwriter
References
External links
- Stockbridge-Munsee community
- Mohican nation Stockbridge-Munsee band: Our history
- Mohican languages (Native Languages of the Americas)
- Hendrick Aupaumut (Mahican) (1757-1830)
- Stockbridge-Munsee History
- Mohican Indians
- Stockbridge Timeline
- Death In the Bronx The Stockbridge Indian Massacre in 1778 by Richard S. Walling-for reference only
- Poem Mahican translation by Carl Masthay (linguist, Algonquianist)
Bibliography
- Brasser, T. J. (1978). Mahican. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 198-212). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979). The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5.
- Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne. (1979). Introduction: North American Indian historical linguistics in current perspective. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 3-69). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Conkey, Laura E.; Bolissevain, Ethel; & Goddard, Ives. (1978). Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Late period. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 177-189). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Goddard, Ives. (1978). Eastern Algonquian languages. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 70-77). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Goddard, Ives. (1979). Comparative Algonquian. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 70-132). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Goddard, Ives. (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
- Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). . Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institute). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X (pbk).
- Salwen, Bert. (1978). Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Early period. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 160-176). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Simpson, J. A.; & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). entry. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Online version).
- Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Trigger, Bruce G. (Ed.). (1978). Northeast. Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 15). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
south of the
Mohawk River, moved east to Massachusetts, then to
Wisconsin.
The
Mahicans (also
Mohicans) are a Native Americans in the United States tribe who have moved mostly to northeastern
Wisconsin,
U.S., "Mohican" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9370993 EB-Mohicans.
"Mahican" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050129/Mahican EB-Mahican.
but who came from the Hudson River Valley (around
Albany, NY), many then moving to Stockbridge, Massachusetts after 1780, before the remaining descendants moved to Wisconsin during the 1820s and
1830s. Though similar in name, the Mahicans were not
Mohegans, a different Algonquian-speaking tribe living in eastern (upper Thames valley)
Connecticut "Mohegan" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage:
http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053198/Mohegan EB-Mohegan.
(who were jointly ruled by the Pequot tribe until 1637). The tribe's self-moniker was
Muhhekunneuw, or "People of the Great River." Their current name is the name applied to the Wolf Clan division of the tribe, from the Mahican
manhigan.
History
The Mahicans were living in and around the
Hudson Valley at the time of their first contact with
Europeans in
1609. Over the next hundred years, tensions between the Mahicans and the Mohawk nation as well as the Europeans caused the Mahicans to migrate eastward into western Massachusetts and Connecticut to the Hudson River. Many settled in the town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts becoming known as the
Stockbridge Indians.
The Stockbridge Indians allowed
Protestant Christian missionary to live among them and converted to Christianity in the
18th Century. Although they fought on the side of the American colonists in both the
French and Indian War and the
American Revolution, they were dispossessed of their land and forced to move westward, first to New Stockbridge in the
1780s, on land allocated for them by the Oneidas, and later to
Shawano County, Wisconsin in the 1820s and
1830s. In Wisconsin, they settled on
Indian reservations with the
Munsee; the two were jointly known as
Stockbridge-Munsee. Today the reservation is known as that of the
Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians (
Stockbridge-Munsee Community).
The first Christian Indian community in America was established by Moravian Church missionaries at the Mahican village of Shekomeko in 1740. Their intent was to incorporate the native American people into European society through civilizing
Christianity. They were so successful in their efforts and so diligently defended their Indians against white exploitation that the missionaries were hounded and finally forced out by the government.
The now extinct
Mahican language belonged to the
Eastern Algonquian branch of the Algonquian language family. It was an Algonquian N-dialect, as were
Massachusett and Wampanoag, but in many ways, it was more similar, and just as easily considered an L-dialect, such as that of the
Lenape.
James Fenimore Cooper's novel
The Last of the Mohicans is based on the Mahican tribe but includes some cultural aspects of the
Mohegans, a different Algonquian tribe living in eastern
Connecticut. The novel takes place in the Hudson Valley, Mahican land, but some characters' names, such as Uncas, are Mohegan.
Notable Mahicans
References
External links
- Stockbridge-Munsee community
- Mohican nation Stockbridge-Munsee band: Our history
- Mohican languages (Native Languages of the Americas)
- Hendrick Aupaumut (Mahican) (1757-1830)
- Stockbridge-Munsee History
- Mohican Indians
- Stockbridge Timeline
- Death In the Bronx The Stockbridge Indian Massacre in 1778 by Richard S. Walling-for reference only
- Poem Mahican translation by Carl Masthay (linguist, Algonquianist)
Bibliography
- Brasser, T. J. (1978). Mahican. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 198-212). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979). The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5.
- Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne. (1979). Introduction: North American Indian historical linguistics in current perspective. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 3-69). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Conkey, Laura E.; Bolissevain, Ethel; & Goddard, Ives. (1978). Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Late period. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 177-189). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Goddard, Ives. (1978). Eastern Algonquian languages. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 70-77). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Goddard, Ives. (1979). Comparative Algonquian. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 70-132). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Goddard, Ives. (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
- Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). . Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institute). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X (pbk).
- Salwen, Bert. (1978). Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Early period. In B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 160-176). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Simpson, J. A.; & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). entry. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Online version).
- Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Trigger, Bruce G. (Ed.). (1978). Northeast. Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 15). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Mahican - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses of Mohican see Mohican (disambiguation) The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are a Native American tribe who have moved mostly to northeastern Wisconsin, U.S., [1] [2] but ...
Mahican definition of Mahican in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Mahican (məhē`kən), confederacy of Native North Americans of the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages Native American ...
Mahican - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Mahican
All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only.
Mahican - definition of Mahican by the Free Online Dictionary ...
Ma·hi·can (m-h k n) also Mo·hi·can (m-, m-) n. pl. Mahican or Ma·hi·cans also Mohican or Mo·hi·cans. 1. a. A Native American confederacy of subtribes formerly inhabiting ...
Mahican
History of the Mahican, a Native American tribe that occupied a region that included Berkshire County.
Category:Mahican - Wikimedia Commons
The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are a Native American tribe who have moved mostly to northeastern Wisconsin (U.S.A.) but who came from the Hudson River Valley (around Albany, NY ...
Mahican. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
Mahican. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07 ... m h ´k n) (KEY) , confederacy of Native North Americans of the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan ...
Mahican, Mohecan, Mohican, Mohegan, Stockbridge-Munsee
Explanation of the relationships between the Mohegan and the Mahican, and the confusing term Mohican.
Mahican language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mahican (also known as Mohican) is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken in New ... Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition.
Native Americans - Mahican
Mahican The confederacy of Native North Americans of the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock. The Mahican were of the Eastern Woodlands culture area.